Impact of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on Bone Structure Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Obese Women

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is most commonly current metabolic disorder as it affects more than 385 million and it is expected to reach about 590 million by 2035 worldwide [1], so that NIDDM has huge economic burden and adverse medical effects as there is a risk of fracture due to bone fragility in spite many researches confirm normal or even higher bone mineral density (BMD) that controls especially with long history of diabetes and poor glycemic control [2-4]. The risk of bone fracture is higher among patients with NIDDM, for example, the relative risk ratio of hip fracture is 1.7 among NIDDM compared to non-diabetics [5]. Similarly, Yamaguchi & Sugimoto [6] in their meta-analyses of several researches concluded that the risk of hip fracture is 1.4 1.7 folds greater in NIDDM and the risk of vertebral fracture also higher among NIDDM than non-diabetics [6], although the BMD did not diminished which indicate the fragility of bone in NIDDM was due to deterioration in bone quality rather than reduced bone mass [7-9].